Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal Based Nanofluid using CFD FLUENT with Various Inlet Velocities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.17.9.223242Keywords:
Photovoltaic thermal system (PVT), computational fluid dynamic (CFD), nanofluid, thermal efficiency, electrical efficiencyAbstract
Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems have emerged as a major field of research in recent years due to the increasing global demand for renewable energy. The PVT system employs waste heat generated by the PV panels for thermal purposes and harnesses solar energy through the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity. However, the PVT system efficiency may be limited by the execution of a water-based PVT system as pure water exhibits lower thermal conductivity and inadequate heat dissipation properties compared to nanofluid. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the PVT performance when incorporated with various fluid inlet velocity and solar radiation intensity. The present study incorporates a numerical investigation of a photovoltaic thermal system with nanofluid using CFD FLUENT software. The current study employs pure water, ZnO-water nanofluid and SiO_2-water nanofluid to assess the correlation between PVT efficiency and variables such as fluid inlet velocity and solar radiation intensity. The present work is verified via comparative analysis by comparing the data collected from the simulation model with the experimental results. The results reveal that increasing the inlet fluid velocity enhances the PVT performance for both pure water and ZnO-water nanofluid, with total improvements of 2.21% and 2.36% across the inlet velocities of 0.05 m/s to 0.2 m/s. As the inlet fluid velocity increases, the outlet temperature and PV cell temperature decrease, leading to enhancements in thermal and electrical efficiency, respectively. The correlation between the PVT efficiency and the inlet velocity increment exhibits a parabolic rising curve where the PVT efficiency increases significantly at the initial phase and gradually increases as the inlet velocity continues to increase. The overall PVT efficiency increases progressively with the increase in solar radiation intensity, although rising solar radiation intensity simultaneously enhances thermal efficiency and reduces electrical efficiency. The data indicates that the overall efficiency of the PVT system is 76.88 % for ZnO-water nanofluid and 76.54% for SiO_2-water nanofluid at 900 Wm^(-2), with total improvements of 1.32% and 1.28% over the heat flux ranging from 600 Wm^(-2) to 900 Wm^(-2), respectively.
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