Semarak Engineering Journal

Implementation of EFI System in 70cc Bike

Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman — 2024-05-30

n Carburetted Fuel Engines (CFI), the air-fuel ratio is being controlled conventionally whereas in Electronic Fuel Injection Engines (EFI) the air-fuel ratio is being controlled electronically by ECU. In this research, a rope brake dynamo test bench has been designed to check the comparative analysis between CFI and EFI of 70cc engines with and without loading conditions, in addition, flue emission analysis has been carried out on both CFI and EFI engines. The main purpose of this research is to introduce the 70cc bike in Pakistan for better fuel economy and lower fuel emission. On the basis of comparative analysis between CFI and EFI engines, it has been observed that the EFI engine gives a better fuel average in 1 litre i.e. 55.26 km, reduces exhaust emission, saving PKR 4,141 per year for a normal user and PKR 16,556 per year for a commercial user. Thereby, profitable than that of carburetted bikes used in Pakistan.

Parametric Study on Built-up Plate Girder to Eurocode 3 with Various Beam Span and Steel Grade

Hean Seong Tan — 2024-09-30

This paper presents the parametric study on built-up plate girders with various steel grades and beam spans to investigate the economic aspect of built-up plate girders with truss girders. Commonly the plate girder is designed to carry heavy load over a 20 m span length and different span lengths of the girders will influence the design of plate girders and their self-weight based on the steel grades and span lengths. Therefore, this study is carried out to determine the most economical detail dimensions and the self-weight of the plate girder structure which is based on the constant uniformly distributed loading acting on the variations of span length and steel grades. Plate girders are I-shaped cross-sections with symmetrical flanges. However, the depth of the plate girder is fixed as 1/20 of the span length and allocated to the design requirements. Bending moment resistance, shear buckling resistance for the flanges and web and the torsional buckling and buckling capacity of the stiffeners are checked through Eurocode 3. To evaluate the economic aspect based on the girders’ weight, parametric studies were carried out and the results obtained were compared with the truss girder. After that, comparative studies of the self-weight of the plate girders and the truss girder are carried out to study the more economical girder structure in terms of steel weight.

Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Polyester Hybrid Composite Filled with Eggshell

Nur ‘Ainaa’ Tuah — 2024-09-30

Natural fibers are being used in composites as a means of environmental protection through the use of biodegradable components. By combining natural and synthetic fibers, the use of natural fibers might be expanded significantly, potentially lowering the cost of hybrid composites. Fiber reinforced polymer-based composites have been used in a wide range of industrial applications for a very long time because of their high specific strength and modulus. The use of coir, a natural fiber, as reinforcement in reinforced polymers was decided upon due to the availability of different natural fibers. Natural fibers are equally as strong and light as they are affordable. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the mechanical characteristics of a jute fiber/polyester hybrid composite filled with eggshell. In this study, woven jute fibers and polyester filled with eggshell powder were employed to construct composites utilizing the layering technique. In accordance with ASTM standards, tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption tests are performed to assess the influence of ratio. Five ratios were employed: 80% eggshell powder and 20% polyester (EP80P20), 70% eggshell powder and 30% polyester (EP70P30), 50% eggshell powder and 50% polyester (EP50P50), 40% eggshell powder and 60% polyester (EP40P60), and 20% eggshell powder and 80% polyester (EP20P80). The results show that the composite with EP20P80 has the highest tensile strength, elasticity and flexural strength, followed by EP40P60, EP50P50, EP70P30 and EP80P20. This implies the increment ratio of the eggshell powder leads to the reduction in tensile strength, elasticity and flexural strength. Meanwhile, the statistical data analysis shows that there are a significant difference among the five ratios (p-value < 0.05) for the tensile and flexural tests. However, the impact test shows the opposite result.