Semarak International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology

Solute Dispersion in Casson Blood Flow through a Stenosed Artery with the Effect of Magnetic Field

Nur Husna Amierah Mohd Zaperi, Nurul Aini Jaafar — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Individuals with atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (aCVD) have a higher risk of cancer than those without aCVD. In chemotherapy, the drug injected into the blood vessels that treat cancer by attacking cells at a specific site in an organ allows better treatment for cancer. One of the most important strategies for directing medication to the site of the cancer is magnetic drug administration such as neodymium magnets treatment. Magnetic drug targeting can reduce the side effects of drugs and optimize magnetic field to speed up treatment. Hence, this study examines the steady solute dispersion in blood flow through a stenosed artery with the effect of magnetic field by using Casson fluid model. The momentum and constitutive equations are solved analytically using integration to obtain the velocity of blood flow. The convective diffusion equation is solved by applying generalized dispersion model (GDM) and integration to obtain steady and unsteady dispersion functions and overall dispersion function. The effects of magnetic field and height of stenosis on the blood flow and solute dispersion are investigated. The results are validated with the previous solution without the effect of magnetic field and height of stenosis. The results showed a good conformity between the two solutions. An increase in magnetic field increase the velocity and steady dispersion function while reducing the unsteady dispersion function and overall dispersion function. However, when the height of stenosis is considered in the problem, it behaves differently for velocity, steady and unsteady dispersion functions and overall dispersion function. It is observed that the solute dispersion in blood flow is affected by magnetic field. The results of the presence study can potentially be used to predict the changes of blood flow behaviour and dispersion process in blood flow. In conclusion, the use of magnetic fields in magnetic therapy aids the body to reduce muscular inflammation and pain. Magnetic field affect the solute dispersion in human blood flow.

Efficiency Measurement of a Public University: A Slack-Based Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Education stands as a pivotal force in today’s globalized world, particularly for developing nations that rely on a well-educated populace to foster future economic. In recent year, there has been increasing pressure in measuring the efficiency of public especially considering their vital role in providing accessible and high-quality education with limited resources. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) emerges as a powerful mathematical tool for identifying inefficiencies based on the scope of educational services provided. DEA offers insights into resource allocation and utilization within public universities, providing valuable information to university management for alternative efficiency assessment methods. Therefore, this research employs slack-based measure (SBM) DEA approach to evaluate the efficiency of a public university in Malaysia for the year 2020. The finding shows that 11 faculties out of 26 faculties are operating at perfect efficiency with efficiency values of one (1). Additionally, suggestions are proposed for targeted improvement.

Effect of FeCl3 Addition on the Dehydrogenation Properties of 2NaAlH4+Ca(BH4)2 Composite System for Solid State Hydrogen Storage

Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The imperative for renewable energy transition hinges on the development of efficient storage solutions, with hydrogen storage being a frontrunner due to its high energy yield and clean combustion profile. This study explores the enhancement of hydrogen storage properties via Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) doping into a 2NaAlH4 + Ca(BH4)2 composite. Through six-hour ball milling process, the transformation of NaAlH4 and Ca(BH4)2 into Ca(AlH4)2 and NaBH4 phases is achieved, setting a benchmark for subsequent analyses. We have delineated four principal dehydrogenation stages where FeCl3 doping has substantially lowered the decomposition temperatures, as indicated by the onset of hydrogen release at 100 °C in the doped composite—a reduction from the 125 °C observed in the undoped material. These findings are substantiated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) which confirms the lower temperature thresholds across all dehydrogenation stages, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) illustrates a uniform distribution of smaller, finer particles in the doped composite, suggesting an increased surface area that potentially enhances kinetic rates due to shorter diffusion paths for hydrogen. The insights from this research not only illuminate the effectiveness of FeCl3 as a dopant in improving hydrogen storage capabilities but also highlight the broader implications of such materials in enhancing the practicality and efficiency of hydrogen as a renewable energy vector, thereby contributing to the collective efforts in overcoming the challenges of hydrogen storage.

Optimizing Combustion Pressure in Single-cylinder Diesel Engine with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Blended Plastic Oil and Palm Oil Biodiesel

Mon, 20 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Fossil fuels are both non-renewable and unsustainable. With decreasing diesel resources and increasing plastic waste concerns, exploring environmentally friendly alternative fuels—plastic fuel—is crucial. This study investigates the influences of blended fuel derived from polypropylene plastic waste and palm oil biodiesel (B100, PO10, and PO25 blends) on the peak pressure in single-cylinder diesel engines. The engine load (10, 55, and 100%), engine speed (2000, 2500, and 3000 rev/min), and fuel mixtures of biodiesel: plastic oil (100%: 0%, 90%: 10%, and 75%: 25%) were selected as the independent variables in a Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental plan. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to explore the influences of independent variables, and desirability analysis was used to determine the optimal setup for maximum peak pressure. Results revealed that the peak pressure increases with engine speed for B100. However, for P010 and P025, the peak pressure peaked at 2500 rev/ min and then bottomed out at 3000 rev/ min. Furthermore, peak pressure increases with engine load for all fuel mixtures. Based on desirability analysis, maximum peak pressure (80.5 bar) can be achieved with an engine speed of 2500 rev/ min, engine load of 100%, and fuel type of P010. Moreover, PO10 could perform better than D100 while using less diesel. It is envisaged that blended plastic oil and palm oil biodiesel could be viable alternative fuels that reduce not only diesel usage but also plastic waste.

The Effectiveness of Visuals in Tadabbur Al-Quran through A Mobile Application: A Study of Selected Surahs In the Qur'an

Nurmutiah Shahidan, Nurul Izzah Ismail, Kauthar Abd Kadir — Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Quran holds a unique significance in the lives of Muslims as the divine word of Allah, guiding them in any matters of religion. Tadabbur al-Quran, or reflection on its verses, is integral to Islamic knowledge and spirituality, involving careful reading, understanding, and application to one's life and society. However, existing methods of presenting Tadabbur lack effectiveness, often failing to engage users and hinder their understanding and memorization. To address this, we have developed an interactive application focused on Tadabbur Surah-Surah Pilihan (selected verses) using visual methods, through interactive images and diagrams, to give reflection and understanding of specific Quranic verses. Our research employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively, we observe Muslim users' interactions with the application and identifying any challenges they encounter. Quantitatively, we measure the application's effectiveness, learning outcomes, and user satisfaction through structured surveys or questionnaires. To accomplish the goals of this research, 30 USIM’s students from different faculty departments participated in the research. The study's findings demonstrate how strongly students support and respond to the development of this application. In summary, our research addresses the inadequacies in current Tadabbur presentation methods through an innovative application that integrates visual components. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, we aim to explore the effectiveness of our application in enhancing Tadabbur among all Muslims, ultimately fostering a deeper appreciation, and understanding of the Quran.