Kepelbagaian Tumbuhan Herba Terestrial di Bukit Fraser, Pahang

Diversity of Terrestrial Herbaceous Plants in Fraser’s Hill, Pahang

Abstract

Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Hutan Simpan Bukit Jeriau, Bukit Fraser, Pahang. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan kepelbagaian dan struktur komposisi spesies tumbuhan herba terestrial di Bukit Fraser, Pahang. Kaedah persampelan melibatkan penubuhan plot, pengutipan sampel, pengawetan sampel, pengecaman spesies dan analisis data. Sejumlah 88 sampel telah berjaya dikutip dengan diwakili 13 famili, 25 genus dan 34 spesies termasuk lima spesies yang hanya berjaya dicamkan di peringkat genus sahaja iaitu Argostemma sp., Codonoboea sp., Pandanus sp., Phyllagathis sp. dan Zeuxine sp. Famili Zingiberaceae mendominasi ketiga-tiga plot lokasi kajian ini dengan jumlah bilangan 31, diikuti dengan Rubiaceae yang merekodkan 11 individu dan Araceae sembilan individu. Seterusnya, tahap kepelbagaian spesies Bukit Fraser adalah sederhana berdasarkan nilai Indeks Kepelbagaian Shannon (H’) iaitu 2.286. Tahap keseragaman individu spesies adalah tinggi berdasarkan nilai Indeks Keseragaman Shannon (E’) iaitu 0.65. Manakala tahap kekayaan spesies Bukit Fraser adalah tinggi berdasarkan nilai Indeks Kekayaan Spesies Margalef (R’) iaitu 7.37. Sementara itu, famili Hypoxidaceae, Pandanaceae, Piperaceae dan Commelinaceae merekodkan bilangan individu terendah dengan satu bilangan genus, spesies dan individu. Enam spesies direkodkan endemik kepada Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Alocasia denudata, Camptandra parvula, Homalomena rostrata, Piptospatha perakensis, Piper muricatum dan Phyllagathis hispida. Spesies di bawah Senarai Merah IUCN iaitu Alpinia scabra disenaraikan spesies terancam, Geostachys densiflora yang hampir terancam dan Zingiber aurantiacum terdedah kepada ancaman. Kajian ini secara tidak langsung menyumbang kepada nilai tambah pangkalan data kepelbagaian flora khususnya Bukit Fraser dan amnya di Malaysia.

This study was conducted in Bukit Jeriau Forest Reserve, Bukit Fraser, Pahang. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity and composition structure of terrestrial herb species in Bukit Fraser, Pahang. The sampling methods involved plot establishment, sample collection, sample preservation, specimen identification, and data analysis. A total of 88 samples were successfully collected representing 13 families, 25 genera and 34 species including five species that were only successfully identified at the genus level, namely Argostemma sp., Codonoboea sp., Pandanus sp., Phyllagathis sp. and Zeuxine sp. The Zingiberaceae family dominated all three study plots with a total of 31 individuals, followed by Rubiaceae with 11 individuals and Araceae with nine individuals. Furthermore, the species diversity level of Bukit Fraser is moderate based on the Shannon Diversity Index (H') value of 2.286. The species evenness is high based on the Shannon Evenness Index (E') value of 0.65. Finally, the species richness level of Bukit Fraser is high based on the Margalef Species Richness Index (R') value of 7.37. Meanwhile, the Hypoxidaceae, Pandanaceae, Piperaceae, and Commelinaceae families recorded the lowest number of individuals, with one genus, species, and individual each. Six species were recorded as endemic to Peninsular Malaysia, namely Alocasia denudata, Camptandra parvula, Homalomena rostrata, Piptospatha perakensis, Piper muricatum and Phyllagathis hispida. Species listed under the IUCN Red List include Alpinia scabra (endangered), Geostachys densiflora (near threatened), and Zingiber aurantiacum (vulnerable). This study indirectly contributes to the enhancement of the flora diversity database, specifically for Fraser’s Hill and generally for Malaysia.