Kepelbagaian Burung di Habitat Berbeza di Tasek Bera

Diversity of Birds in Different Habitat at Bera Lake

Abstract

Tasek Bera merupakan tasik semula jadi yang dipilih sebagai salah satu tapak Ramsar. Tasik air tawar ini merupakan rumah kepada pelbagai spesies burung, mamalia dan ikan. Pengurangan atau penambahan kepelbagaian spesies dapat berlaku hasil daripada beberapa faktor seperti aktiviti penyahhutanan yang memberi impak negatif terhadap alam sekitar. Kajian ini dijalankan berdasarkan objektif untuk mengenal pasti kepelbagaian spesies burung serta untuk menentukan hubungan antara taburan kepelbagaian burung kepada habitat yang dipilih di Tasek Bera, Pahang. Tiga lokasi berbeza dipilih iaitu kawasan aktiviti pertanian, kawasan hutan dan kawasan sekitar tasik untuk mewakili habitat berbeza di Tasek Bera. Persampelan cerapan burung menggunakan kaedah kiraan titik dan jaring kabut. Persampelan telah dijalankan di setiap habitat selama 6 hari termasuk hari pemasangan dan pengumpulan kembali jaring. Hasil dapatan kajian bagi burung adalah 85 spesies, 40 famili dan 16 order. Secara keseluruhannya, Hirundo rustica mencatatkan individu tertinggi kumpulan burung. Hasil dapatan pengumpulan data mendapati kepelbagaian burung di Tasek Bera termasuklah generalis dan spesialis. Indeks kepelbagaian Shannon (H) di habitat hutan mencatatkan angka tertinggi bagi burung. Kajian ini mendapati jenis burung, serta status pemuliharaannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis habitat (Mann-U Whitney, Z= -0.145, p<0.1). Terdapat satu spesies dari kumpulan burung yang tergolong dalam kategori terancam teruk (critically endangered) iaitu Rhinoplax vigil. Inventori burung yang diperolehi dapat memberi informasi berkenaan status terkini kepelbagaian hidupan liar di kawasan ini. Maklumat ini juga penting sebagai penunjuk biologi kepada perubahan habitat di selain membekalkan data asas dalam pembangunan aktiviti eko-pelancongan berasaskan alam semulajadi di Tasek Bera.

Tasek Bera is a natural lake chosen as one of the Ramsar sites. This freshwater lake is home to various species of birds, mammals, and fish. The increase or decrease in species diversity can result from several factors, such as deforestation activities, which have a negative impact on the environment. This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying bird species diversity and determining the relationship between the distribution of bird diversity and selected habitats in Tasek Bera, Pahang. Three different locations were selected: agricultural activity areas, forest areas, and areas around the lake, representing different habitats in Tasek Bera. Bird sampling was carried out using point count and mist netting methods. Sampling was conducted in each habitat for 6 days, including the days for setting up and taking down the nets. The study found 85 bird species, 40 families, and 16 orders. Overall, Hirundo rustica recorded the highest number of individuals. The data collection results showed that the bird diversity in Tasek Bera includes both generalist and specialist species. The Shannon diversity index (H) in the forest habitat recorded the highest value for birds. This study found that bird species and their conservation status were not influenced by habitat type (Mann-Whitney U, Z= - 0.145, p<0.1). One species from the bird group, Rhinoplax vigil, was found to be critically endangered. The bird inventory obtained provides information about the current status of wildlife diversity in this area. This information is also important as a biological indicator of habitat changes, in addition to supplying baseline data for the development of nature-based eco-tourism activities in Tasek Bera.