Kajian Polimorfisme Nukleotida Tunggal (SNP) dalam Gen Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT1) pada Lembu Tenusu di Pahang dan Melaka

Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT1) Gene in Dairy Cows in Pahang and Melaka

Abstract

Gen diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) memainkan peranan penting dalam pengeluaran susu. Kehadiran polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal (SNP) dalam gen DGAT1 didapati mempengaruhi kualiti dan pengeluaran susu lembu. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menyaring SNP dalam gen DGAT1 pada lembu tenusu di Pahang dan Melaka. Kajian ini melibatkan pensampelan darah daripada 10 ekor lembu Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS) dari Pahang, lima ekor lembu Jersey, dan lima ekor lembu baka campuran dari Melaka. Sampel darah telah diekstrak untuk mendapatkan DNA. Amplifikasi PCR exon 8 gen DGAT1 telah dilakukan, dan produk PCR jalur tunggal dihantar untuk penjujukan DNA. Perisian MEGA-7 digunakan untuk menyaring kehadiran SNP dalam jujukan DNA. Hasil kajian mendapati dua SNP pada kedudukan 134 dan 135. Di Pahang, frekuensi bagi genotip KK, AA, dan KA masing-masing adalah 0.30, 0.20, dan 0.50. Di Melaka, frekuensi bagi genotip KK, AA, dan KA masing-masing ialah 0.30, 0.30, dan 0.40. Daripada 10 lembu yang dikaji di Pahang, 30% lembu boleh menghasilkan susu yang lebih berkualiti, manakala 20% boleh menghasilkan kuantiti susu yang lebih tinggi. Di Melaka, daripada 10 lembu yang dikaji, 30% lembu boleh menghasilkan susu yang lebih berkualiti, manakala 30% lagi dapat menghasilkan kuantiti susu yang lebih tinggi. Kajian ini dapat membantu penternak dalam memilih lembu untuk pembiakan yang boleh meningkatkan kuantiti dan kualiti susu, seterusnya membantu meningkatkan industri tenusu di Malaysia.

The diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene plays a crucial role in milk production. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DGAT1 gene has been found to affect the quality and production of cow's milk. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen for SNPs in the DGAT1 gene in dairy cattle in Pahang and Melaka. The study involved blood sampling from 10 Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS) cows from Pahang, five Jersey cows, and five mixed-breed cows from Melaka. Blood samples were extracted to obtain DNA. PCR amplification of exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene was performed, and the single-band PCR products were sent for DNA sequencing. MEGA-7 software was used to screen for the presence of SNPs in the DNA sequences. The results of the study found two SNPs at positions 134 and 135. In Pahang, the frequencies for the KK, AA, and KA genotypes were 0.30, 0.20, and 0.50, respectively. In Melaka, the frequencies for the KK, AA, and KA genotypes were 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively. Of the 10 cows studied in Pahang, 30% could produce higher-quality milk, while 20% were capable of producing higher milk quantities. In Melaka, of the 10 cows studied, 30% could produce higher-quality milk, while another 30% were capable of producing higher milk quantities. This study can assist breeders in selecting cows for breeding that can enhance both the quantity and quality of milk, ultimately helping to improve the dairy industry in Malaysia.