Diversity and Richness of Birds in Tasik Chin Chin, Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Tasik Chin Chin serves as a vital wetland habitat, home to a rich diversity of wildlife, particularly avian species. However, there are plans to construct a dam to meet the increasing water demands in the state, raising concerns about the potential impact on local ecosystems. To address the lack of prior research concerning bird species richness in this area, a comprehensive study was conducted to establish a detailed inventory. Over the course of two days in March 2023, bird observations and photographic documentation were carried out during the early morning and evening—times when bird activity is highest. This effort led to the identification of 401 individual birds representing 45 species across 26 families. Notably, the family Cuculidae displayed the greatest species richness, comprising five distinct species. The most prevalent bird observed was the Acridotheres javanicus, commonly known as the Javan Myna, which accounted for 53 sightings. The findings also indicated the presence of two bird species of conservation concern, both listed on the IUCN Red List. Acridotheres javanicus is classified as Vulnerable, while Phaenicophaeus diardi, or the Black-bellied Malkoha, is considered Near Threatened. The analysis of species diversity yielded a Shannon Index value of H' = 3.12, indicating high diversity, which is further supported by a Simpson Index value of 1/D = 0.94. Additionally, the Chao-1 estimator suggested that a total of approximately 85 bird species could be found in the region with more extensive sampling efforts. The results of this study will serve as a crucial resource for developers, providing a basis for monitoring changes during and after the implementation of development activities. Moreover, these findings can be utilized as a benchmark for future restoration and conservation initiatives aimed at preserving avian biodiversity in Tasik Chin Chin.