Mxene and Strontium Titanate Hybrid Casson Nanofluid with CMC Base via the Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative over a Vertical Riga Plate

Abstract

Mxene nanoparticles possess desirable properties such as high electrical conductivity, aqueous stability, and thermal stability, making them highly sought-after in various fields including manufacturing, renewable energy, and chemical engineering. Similarly, Strontium Titanate (SrTiO₃) is a versatile material with high electrical conductivity and low thermal expansion properties, applicable in electronics, solar energy, and biomedical engineering. This study aims to investigate the effects of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of Mxene and Strontium Titanate in a Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) base, using the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative, over a Riga plate. The fractional derivative is a concept with future applications, while Riga plates act as actuators for fluid flow in marine vessels. Laplace transform is used to find solutions from the governing PDEs, analytically. The resulting integral solution is analysed graphically and numerically. According to the study, a rise in the fractional parameter, α, causes an increase in fluid temperature and velocity. Because of the unique features of SrTiO₃, the thermal radiation parameter N has a distinct effect on velocity and temperature. As N increases, the temperature rises but velocity declines. Due to the high electrical conductivity of Mxene and SrTiO₃, the modified Hartmann number, E, favourably influences velocity. Skin friction increases due to SrTiO₃ whereas the Nusselt number falls with increasing N due to CMC base characteristics.