Simulation of Torque, Tip Speed Ratio, Power, and Power Coefficient of 1 MW Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Modified NACA 4412-2412 Variation of Airfoil Blades

Abstract

The rotor power of HAWT can be affected by the type of airfoil and airfoil modifications on a blade. However, no study of wind turbine blades from arranges types of airfoils or altering the leading and trailing edges has been conducted. To determine the maximum torque, TSR, power, and power coefficient values at Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) 1MW, simulations of turbine blades with various airfoil designs are performed. NACA 4412 and 2412 airfoils were utilized, with the leading and trailing edges modified. The method used is Blade Element Momentum simulation on 20 blade variations with modified NACA airfoils. The HAWT simulation parameters use the specifications of a 1MW wind turbine with a blade radius of 54m, wind speed of 7 m/s, number of blades 3. Due to the aerodynamic simulation results, the percentage error between the CFD from the other study and the BEM values is only 2.6%. The blade code that produces high torque on the HAWT is 4T-4LT (4412 TE mod-4412 LE-TE mod). The high torque value is influenced by the lift and drag coefficients. High torque does not usually imply high power; rather, the TSR as a function of angular speed determines this. The angular speed of a horizontal axis wind turbine is visibly affected by the aerodynamics of the rotor blade. C4412-2412 group combination blade designs, particularly blade codes 4L-2LT, 4T-2LT, 4LT-2L, 4LT-2T, and 4LT-2LT, can produce more than 1MW. The highest TSR, power, and coefficient power of HAWT was obtained from blades with circular foil segments 1 and 2, segments 3 to 9 using NACA 4412 LE-TE mod airfoil, and segments 10 to 11 using NACA 2412 LE-TE airfoil. Although the difference is slight (0.20%), the combination of modified trailing and leading edge NACA 4412 and 2412 airfoils outperforms modified leading edge airfoils alone.