Assessing Public Awareness of Smart Home Technologies for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Urban Development

Abstract

The escalating environmental issues, particularly climate change, have driven global governments to set guidelines for sustainable development. Urbanization, a significant factor in increasing greenhouse gas emissions, underscores the need for sustainable practices. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by 193 Member States including Malaysia, provide a framework for achieving the Malaysia Vision 2030 sustainability agenda. To realize these goals, balancing economic, social and environmental aspects is essential for developing new cities. At the residential level, addressing environmental challenges is critical. Smart Home Technologies (SHTs) have emerged as a strategic approach to reducing energy consumption, a key factor in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. SHTs involve intelligent devices that automate and control household functions such as lighting, temperature and security, offering substantial potential for energy optimization in new urban developments. This study evaluates the potential of SHTs for energy optimization in Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia, from the perspectives of end-users and construction stakeholders. It aims to assess awareness of SHTs, explore their energy-saving potential and identify adoption challenges. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 214 respondents, with subsequent statistical analysis, including reliability, normality tests and the Relative Importance Index (RII). Findings indicate high sustainability awareness regarding SHTs among both end-users and construction stakeholders. Smart lighting control emerged as the top energy-saving feature for end-users, while smart air-conditioners were prioritized by construction stakeholders. Privacy and security concerns were identified as major challenges for end-users, whereas high costs were the primary barrier for construction stakeholders. These insights provide valuable guidance for policy and decision-making aimed at promoting sustainable development.