Empowering Green Transportation: Strategies for Electric Vehicle Adoption and Charging Infrastructure in Malaysia

Raja Noor Farah Azura Raja Ma'amor Shah; Nur Amira Syahirah   Azmar; Mohd Syahriman   Mohd Azmi; Nor Suriya   Abd Karim; Nor Hafizah   Md Husin; Norhisam   Misron; Nida Sri   Utami

doi:10.37934/araset.57.2.204219

Authors

Raja Noor Farah Azura Raja Ma'amor Shah Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Nur Amira Syahirah Azmar Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Mohd Syahriman Mohd Azmi Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Nor Suriya Abd Karim Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Nor Hafizah Md Husin Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Norhisam Misron Department of Electrical and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Nida Sri Utami Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 57169 Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.57.2.204219

Keywords:

Electric vehicle, Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), Battery electric vehicle (BEV), Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), Photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station (PEVCS), Malaysia

Abstract

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle driven by an electric motor and a battery rather than a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) that depends on petroleum or diesel fuel. The main objective of this paper is to provide a clear overview of the present EV market, particularly in Malaysia. There are several different types of EVs, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). However, each of them has its strengths and weaknesses. This paper also discusses the technical specifications and general classifications of EVs. Malaysia follows MS IEC 61851 and SAE J1772 to outline the standards and procedures for conductive connection charging of electric vehicles. Mathematical modelling is often employed to forecast EV adoption among users. To enhance the EV adoption and alleviate transportation challenges, strategically placing Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) in Malaysia is crucial. Lastly, this paper discusses the progress of EV developments in Malaysia and outlines the criteria required for the allocation of PEVCS.