Turbulent Force Convective Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nano Fluid in a Circular Channel with Constant Heat Flux

Abstract

In this paper, silver/graphene (Ag/HEG) nano-fluid and copper oxide/graphene (Cuo/HEG) nano-fluid, where numerically studied in a circular tube subjected to constant heat flux. The hybrid nano-fluids where simulated over the range of Reynolds number of 10,000 to 120,000 with volume fraction of 0.4% to 1%. In this study, a remarkable improvement was observed in using the hybrid nano fluid due to synergistic effect. At 1% volume fraction of Ag/HEG 34.34% and 38.72% enhancement was recorded at Reynolds number of 60,000 and 40,000 respectively. 35.95% and 43.96% were obtained for CuO/HEG at the same volume fraction and Reynolds number respectively. The friction factor slightly increases with increase in volume fraction.