Three-Dimensional Radiative Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Shrinking Plate with Suction

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluid has been widely used in various heat transfer applications especially as the heat exchanger due to the great thermal conductivity compared to the conventional fluid. However, numerous investigations should still be carried out to properly understand its properties. Hence, in this study, a three-dimensional radiative flow of hybrid Cu-Al2O3/water nanofluid past a permeable shrinking plate is numerically analyzed. The boundary layer including the energy equations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformations and are then solved numerically by using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The application of suction through the permeable plate is necessary in aiding the fluid motion past the shrinking surface. Dual solutions are also observable; hence the stability analysis is conducted to mathematically validate the real solution. The enhancement of copper volumetric concentration in the hybrid nanofluid is capable in decelerating the boundary layer separation.