Biogas to Fuel Cell State of the Art: A Review

Abstract

Due to the emerging development in the energy industry, the demand for electricity consumption has sharply increased for each country. Therefore, a new recovery of energy resources is needed in consequence of the decreasing dependency on conventional energy resources, while sustaining energy security in the aspect of energy supply and climate change issues. The fuel cell is one of the most potential resources to be explored in order to overcome the constraints of the current energy generation. The aim of this paper is to discuss the entire cycle of the fuel cell system. It is starting from biogas production up to the recent studies related to life cycle assessment on fuel cell studies. Most of the researchers focused on the technical part of fuel cells; however, a comprehensive environmental assessment is essential to fully recognize the impact of fuel cells. Furthermore, this conceptual paper provided an idea on understanding the concept of fuel cell and referred to recently published articles related to life cycle assessment. Hopefully, this study can provide the guideline in determining the future energy for this country, in order to be less dependent on the current resources of energy supply.