Policy Constructivity and Food Security Strategies: Vulnerability Issues of Rice in Kota Belud, Sabah

Abstract

The recent escalation in imported rice prices, coupled with a domestic shortfall in rice production, has significantly impacted Malaysian residents, particularly affecting the economically vulnerable B40 group which constitutes a substantial portion of the population. This scenario has contributed to a consistent increase in the cost of food items. Concurrently, the domestic scarcity of white rice is attributed to heightened demand triggered by the inflated prices of imported rice. Despite Malaysia’s 130,282 hectares dedicated to rice cultivation contributing to 40% of its total rice production, with Kota Belud, Sabah being one of the most prolific rice-producing regions spanning 7,092 hectares, the country still faces a critical vulnerability in rice and paddy supply. Notable, the area under rice cultivation in Kota Belud expanded by 1000 hectares to 9392 hectares in under three years, as of 2019. This paradox raises questions about the sufficiency of national rice supply amidst such expansion. This study aims to dissect the multifaceted factors contributing to rice supply shortages, focusing on stakeholder engagement, selection processes, and their leverage in policy-making. These elements critically affect policy space choices, alongside the feasibility and effectiveness of policy interventions. Employing qualitative methodologies, the research integrates structured interviews with key informants and the analysis of secondary data for empirical backing. Furthermore, to enrich the study's findings, questionnaires are distributed to 100 villagers in a qualitative exploration aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Preliminary findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing food security at the national level. To enhance food security concerns in Sabah and across Malaysia, the study suggests engaging the youth, enhancing road networks, developing adequate drainage and irrigation systems, and promoting a balanced cultivation of commercial and paddy crops, among other strategic interventions. These approaches are pivotal in navigating the complexities of food security and establishing a resilient rice supply chain.