Advancement of Underwater Surveying and Scanning Techniques: A Review

Wan Hafiza; Mahfuzah Md Shukor; Faezah Jasman; Zaiton Abdul Mutalip; Mohd Shafizal Abdullah; Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus

doi:10.37934/araset.41.2.256281

Authors

Wan Hafiza Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Mahfuzah Md Shukor Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Faezah Jasman Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
Zaiton Abdul Mutalip Centre for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
Mohd Shafizal Abdullah iSmartUrus Sdn. Bhd. No. 25 & 25A, Jalan Pulai 26, Taman Pulai Utama, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.41.2.256281

Keywords:

Sonar, LIDAR, surveying, scanning, underwater

Abstract

Underwater scanning and surveying (USS) play a significant role in tactical surveillance, offshore explorations, climate change monitoring, and oceanography research. USS are required to accurately obtain the 3-D geometry information of an underwater object and determine the underwater area of interest respectively. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art USS by discussing the operations, characters, advantages and disadvantages of the sensors used in each of the techniques. The paper classifies the sensors based on the carrier signals which are acoustics and optical signals. The hybrid technique is then proposed by integrating acoustics and optical approaches for the scanning technology and utilizing artificial intelligence and OWC technologies to improve the system’s accuracy and latency. The structured review of these techniques will give insight into the future advancement of USS and improve its quality of service.