Inclusion of Viscous Dissipation on the Boundary Layer Flow of Cu-TiO2 Hybrid Nanofluid over Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

Abstract

The effects of viscous dissipation on the boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluids have been investigated. This study presents the mathematical modelling of steady two dimensional boundary layer flow of Cu-TiO₂ hybrid nanofluid. In this research, the surface of the model is stretched and shrunk at the specific values of stretching/shrinking parameter. The governing partial differential equations of the hybrid nanofluid are reduced to the ordinary differential equations with the employment of the appropriate similarity transformations. Then, Matlab software is used to generate the numerical and graphical results by implementing the bvp4c function. Subsequently, dual solutions are acquired through the exact guessing values. It is observed that the second solution adhere to less stableness than first solution after performing the stability analysis test. The existence of viscous dissipation in this model is dramatically brought down the rate of heat transfer. Besides, the effects of the suction and nanoparticles concentration also have been highlighted. An increment in the suction parameter enhances the magnitude of the reduced skin friction coefficient while the augmentation of concentration of copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles show different modes.