The Effect of Hydrothermal Holding Time on The  Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Synthesized from Green  Mussel Shells

Rifky Ismail; Muhammad Bagus Laroybafih; Deni Fajar Fitriyana; Sri Nugroho; Yanuar Iman Santoso; Ahmad Jazilussurur Hakim; Mohammad Syahreza Al Mulqi; Athanasius Priharyoto  Bayuseno

Authors

Rifky Ismail Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No.13, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
Muhammad Bagus Laroybafih Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterials, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Deni Fajar Fitriyana Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
Sri Nugroho Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No.13, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
Yanuar Iman Santoso Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Ahmad Jazilussurur Hakim Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudarto No.13, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
Mohammad Syahreza Al Mulqi Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterials, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterials, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3S), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Keywords:

Hydroxyapatite, hydrothermal, green mussel shells, precipitated calcium carbonate

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is generally utilized in medical fields especially as a substitute to bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been succesfully synthesized from green mussel shells as a source of calcium carbonate by hydrothermal method. The green mussel shells were calcined, hydrated, and undergone carbonation to form Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The PCC of shells was then added with (NH4)2HPO4 with the mole ratio of Ca/P = 1.67. Hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 160oC with variations of the holding time (14, 16, and 18 hrs). The formation of hydroxyapatite was characterized using XRD and SEM-EDX. The XRD patterns showed that the products were hydroxyapatite crystals. The morphology of hydroxyapatite observed using SEM showed that the crystal uniformity of hydroxyapatite. The best result was obtained at 18 hrs holding time of hydrothermal because the hydroxyapatite produced has the highest purity without any impurities phase.