Banana Peels Pectin Templated Silica Ultrafiltration Membrane in Disk Plate Configuration Applied for Wetland Water Treatment

Abstract

South Kalimantan has natural surface water such as wetland water which easily found to prevent water scarcity. Two types of wetland water provided in tropical area i.e. (1) peat water which located in land area; and (2) wetland saline water that area is near to coastal zone. Both are unsuitable for consumption and required to be treated. Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of methods that can be applied for treating natural wetland water using silica membrane. However, it needs improved by carbon due to lacking its low hydrostability properties. This works investigated performance of banana pectin templated silica ultrafiltration membrane in varied operation pressure and feed water treatment. Preparation of ultrafiltration membrane was used banana peels pectin as carbon source that templated into silica sol through sol gel process. Silica pectin xerogel was characterized by Fourier Transformed Infra-red (FTIR) and morphology of silica pectin membrane was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sol is carried out by a coating process to the alumina membrane support on 4 layers. The calcination process is using the Conventional Thermal Processing (CTP) method. Furthermore, the ultrafiltration process run on the dead-end ultrafiltration silica pectin membrane has three functional groups, namely siloxane (Si-O-Si) at a wavelength of 1061 cm^-1. silanol (Si-OH) at a wavelength of 966 cm^-1 and silica carbon (Si-C) at a wavelength of 795 cm^-1. The performance of silica pectin membranes at pressures of 0.5 bar, 1 bar and 1.5 bar in peat water resulted in fluxes of 5.07 kg.m^-2.h^-1, 11.31 kg.m^-2.h^-1 and 18.90 kg.m^-2.h^-1 with rejection of organic matter of 85.56%, 85.49% and 84.68%. Meanwhile in wetland saline water it was 7.04 kg.m^-2.h^-1, 11.73 kg.m^-2.h^-1 and 20.52 kg.m^-2.h^-1 with rejection of organic matter of 82.50%, 79.46% and 78.11%. Salt rejection for wetland saline water for 0.5 bar until 1.5 bar is 84.39%, 82.54% and 81.04%. Ultrafiltration It can be concluded that the increase in pressure affects the performance of the silica pectin membrane where the flux value increases with each increase in pressure, but the rejection value of organic matter and salt rejection show a decreasing.