The Effects of Lead and Cadmium Chloride Poisoning in Haemoglobin

Abstract

On Earth, metallic elements naturally occur and are used in occupational, industrial and environmental areas. Heavy metal is a metal that has a high level of toxicity that can affect human health. Metal toxicity can be exposed to humans through chemical processes, physical processes, food chains, water and soil. Cadmium chloride and lead were used in this research. These two materials have been used widely in daily life. This research mainly studies the effect of lead and cadmium chloride contamination on blood. The aspect of pH is also explored in this research. The effects of lead and cadmium chloride on human blood are tested using a blood sample obtained from a haemoglobin bovine blood. Different amounts of lead and cadmium chloride are dissolved in the blood sample to compare the level of concentration of lead and cadmium in the blood. The morphology of the blood between different concentrations of lead cadmium is also observed. The blood morphology was obtained through FESEM and will be compared with normal blood. The blood sample absorbance was studied using UV-Vis and the pH value was measured. The blood morphology was changed when lead and cadmium chloride were added, affecting the blood's functionality. A higher amount of lead and cadmium chloride added lowers the blood concentration and gives low absorbance—the changes in pH value led to alkalosis and acidosis conditions.