Numerical Study of Resistance Trimaran Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based on NACA Foil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.15.11.3647Keywords:
Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Resistance, Trimaran, NACAAbstract
Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor territorial waters and collect sea data, including hydrographic and oceanographic data. Compared with larger survey vessels, USVs are more flexible and cost-efficient because of their compact form. The latest USV design uses NACA foil as a trimaran hull form with a self-maneuvering system. This design must provide minimal resistance for longer durability during operation. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the distance, angle of attack, and shape of the NACA foil as a USV trimaran hull to reduce the resistance. The analysis began with verification and validation based on previous experimental research. Several configurations of the positions of each hull were modelled using an angle of attack of up to 20 °. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was employed in ANSYS CFX to simulate the model. After obtaining the optimal configuration, variations in the NACA foil on the hull were performed, and the simulation was repeated. The study found that the configuration without an angle of attack, with one hull positioned in front and two hulls positioned behind, using NACA 0024 produces the smallest resistance value. Furthermore, this configuration exhibited wave interference with smaller volume-fraction contours. The study concludes that the angle of attack results in greater resistance owing to the shorter distance between the NACA foils. This research provides insight into the trimaran design of USVs and contributes to the further development of marine robotics technology and unmanned surface vehicles.
References
Zou, Yizheng. "China and Indonesia's responses to maritime disputes in the South China Sea: forming a tacit understanding on security." Marine Policy 149 (2023): 105502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105502
Fidler, Robert Y., Gabby N. Ahmadia, Amkieltiela, Awaludinnoer, Courtney Cox, Estradivari, Louise Glew et al. "Participation, not penalties: Community involvement and equitable governance contribute to more effective multiuse protected areas." Science Advances 8, no. 18 (2022): eabl8929. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl8929
Sun, Xu, Ling Zhang, Dalei Song, and QM Jonathan Wu. "A novel path planning method for multiple USVs to collect seabed-based data." Ocean Engineering 269 (2023): 113510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113510
Jia, Zehua, Haibo Lu, Shengquan Li, and Weidong Zhang. "Distributed dynamic rendezvous control of the AUV-USV joint system with practical disturbance compensations using model predictive control." Ocean Engineering 258 (2022): 111268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111268
Li, Jiqiang, Guoqing Zhang, Qihe Shan, and Weidong Zhang. "A novel cooperative design for USV-UAV systems: 3D mapping guidance and adaptive fuzzy control." IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/tcns.2022.3220705
Song, Xiaona, Chenglin Wu, Vladimir Stojanovic, and Shuai Song. "1 bit encoding–decoding-based event-triggered fixed-time adaptive control for unmanned surface vehicle with guaranteed tracking performance." Control Engineering Practice 135 (2023): 105513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2023.105513
Dong, Zaopeng, Zhengqi Zhang, Shijie Qi, Haisheng Zhang, Jiakang Li, and Yuanchang Liu. "Autonomous Cooperative Formation Control of Underactuated USVs based on Improved MPC in complex ocean environment." Ocean Engineering 270 (2023): 113633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113633
Di Ilio, Giovanni, Daniele Chiappini, Stefano Ubertini, Gino Bella, and Sauro Succi. "Fluid flow around NACA 0012 airfoil at low-Reynolds numbers with hybrid lattice Boltzmann method." Computers & Fluids 166 (2018): 200-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.02.014
Hetyei, Csaba, Ildikó Molnár, and Ferenc Szlivka. "Comparing different CFD software with NACA 2412 airfoil." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 16, no. 1 (2020): 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1556/446.2020.00004
Soğukpinar, Haci. "Uçak Kanatlarinda En İdeal Hücum Açisini Bulmak İçin 4 Rakamli Naca 00xx Kanat Profillerinin Nümerik Analizi." Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 22, no. 1 (2017): 169-178. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.309470
Chen, Fei, Lishen Zhang, Xiulan Huai, Jufeng Li, Hang Zhang, and Zhigang Liu. "Comprehensive performance comparison of airfoil fin PCHEs with NACA 00XX series airfoil." Nuclear Engineering and Design 315 (2017): 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.02.014
Putranto, Teguh, and Aries Sulisetyono. "Lift-drag coefficient and form factor analyses of hydrofoil due to the shape and angle of attack." International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 12, no. 21 (2017): 11152-11156.
Suastika, Ketut, Affan Hidayat, and Soegeng Riyadi. "Effects of the application of a stern foil on ship resistance: A case study of an Orela crew boat." International Journal of Technology 8, no. 7 (2017): 1266-1275. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i7.691
Elkolali, Moustafa, Wilfried Arnaud Splawski, Alfredo Carella, and Alex Alcocer. "Hydrodynamic parameter optimization for miniature underwater glider wings." In Global Oceans 2020: Singapore–US Gulf Coast, pp. 1-8. IEEE, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf38699.2020.9389187
Azzeri, M. N., F. A. Adnan, M. Adi, and MZ Md Zain. "A concept design of three rudders-shaped like body in columns for low-drag USV." In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 133, no. 1, p. 012062. IOP Publishing, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/133/1/012062
IMO, Resolution. "A749 (18)-Code on Intact Stability for all Types of Ships Covered by IMO Instruments." International Maritime Organization (1993).
Naiem, Mohd Azzeri Md, Eizul Hanis Omar, Adi Maimun, Arifah Ali, Philip Wilson, Mohd Zarhamdy Md Zain, and Faizul Amri Adnan. "Drag analysis of three rudder-shaped like bodies." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 78, no. 1 (2021): 11-22. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.78.1.1122
Birk, Lothar. Fundamentals of ship hydrodynamics: Fluid mechanics, ship resistance and propulsion. John Wiley & Sons, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119191575.ch1
Guan, Guan, Lei Wang, Jiahong Geng, Zhengmao Zhuang, and Qu Yang. "Parametric automatic optimal design of USV hull form with respect to wave resistance and seakeeping." Ocean Engineering 235 (2021): 109462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109462
"Inclination Effects on Drag - Glenn Research Center." NASA, July 28, 2022.
Hariyadi, Setyo. "An analysis on Aerodynamics Performance Simulation of NACA 23018 Airfoil Wings on Cant Angles." JEMMME (Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering) 2, no. 1 (2017): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v2i1.4905
Yanuar, Yanuar, Gunawan Gunawan, Ibadurrahman Ibadurrahman, R. Ramadyan Mufti, and J. Wongso Putro. "Total hull resistance of asymmetrical trimaran model with hull separation and staggered hull variation of sidehull." In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2255, no. 1. AIP Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0020484
Edward V. Lewis. "Principles of naval architecture second revision." Jersey: Sname 2 (1988): 152-157.
Hakim, Muhammad Luqman, I. K. Suastika, and I. K. A. P. Utama. "A practical empirical formula for the calculation of ship added friction-resistance due to (bio) fouling." Ocean Engineering 271 (2023): 113744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113744
Samuel, Samuel, Sarjito Jokosisworo, Muhammad Iqbal, Parlindungan Manik, and Good Rindo. "Verifikasi Deep-V Planing Hull Menggunakan Finite Volume Method Pada Kondisi Air Tenang." TEKNIK 41, no. 2 (2020): 126-133. https://doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v0i0.29391
