Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of AgNPs Using CEPS: Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activites

Abstract

This study was amid to biogenic synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated its chemical-physical and biomedical properties. The currently used reducing agent is Polyalthia sclerophylla (CEPS). As a reducer, a crude extract of Polyalthia sclerophylla leaves (CEPS) was used, while silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as an initiator. Two samples were prepared and named AgNPs-a and AgNPs-b, respectively. The prepared samples were carried out to characterize their biological, physical, and chemical properties. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were the first techniques utilised to emphasise the formulation of AgNPs (Uv-vis). The morphology and size of the particles are determined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AgNPs were tested for cytotoxicity against Mg-63 human cells (a type of osteosarcoma cell and its osteoblast-like cells) using the Alamar blue assay, and their antibacterial properties were investigated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The wavelength of AgNPs-a was 436 nm, while AgNPs-b was 441 nm, according to the data. According to SEM and STEM images, the shapes of the prepared samples were spherical. The particle sizes were not the same, with AgNPs-a having a diameter size range of 48nm to 68nm and AgNPs-b having a diameter size range of 59nm to 77nm. The availability of Mg-63 cells in prepared samples was greater than 89% for all concentrations. AgNPs-a inhibited bacteria growth more effectively against both bacteria, with results against S. Aureus and E. coli at 80M/ml of 24mm and 22mm, respectively, compared to AgNPs-b at the same concentration of 20mm and 18mm. According to our results obtained from chemical-physical techniques, the shapes of both AgNPs-a and AgNPs-b were similar, while the sizes of the particles were different. The antibacterial effect affects the difference as smaller sizes more inhibition for bacterial growth. The current study has shown that non-toxic produced samples can be utilised as an antibacterial agent, with nano-sizes that can be employed safely in the medical and biological areas.