Numerical Analysis of the Co-firing Combustion of Coal and Palm Shell Kernel In Stoker Boiler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.8.163175Keywords:
Stoker boiler, Palm kernel shell, co-firing, Temperature, EmissionAbstract
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) states that Indonesia is committed to contributing to global climate change solutions. The government will also continue to encourage the development of a number of renewable energy (EBT)-based power generation projects. This is based on the use of renewable energy which is still low, namely around (1.9%) 8215.5 MW. Meanwhile, the potential for EBT to become energy can be around 443,208 MW. One source of EBT in Indonesia that can be utilized is Biomass. Co-firing of biomass is a relatively cheaper option and does not require investment in new power plants. However, Co-firing combustion has several aspects that need to be studied, such as temperature combustion and the generation of gas emissions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the temperature and the emissions resulting from co-firing of palm kernel shell biomass. This research was conducted using the Computational Fluid Dynamics method on stoker boiler model. The test parameters of the research was the maximum and average temperatures in the furnace, and the average and maximum fractions of CO2, SO2 in the stoker boiler furnace. From the research conducted, it was found that the resulting combustion temperature decreased as the co-firing fraction of the biomass increased. However, CO2 gas emissions increased and SO2 decreased with increasing fraction of co-firing biomass which showed a decrease in harmful gas emissions and complete combustion that occurred in the furnace.
References
Nabilah, Nur Amira, Cheng Yee Ng, Nauman Riyaz Maldar, and Fatin Khalida Abd Khadir. "Marine hydrokinetic energy potential of Peninsular Malaysia by using hybrid site selection method." Progress in Energy and Environment (2023): 1-10.
Milićević, Aleksandar, Srdjan Belošević, Nenad Crnomarković, Ivan Tomanović, Andrijana Stojanović, Dragan Tucaković, Lei Deng, and Defu Che. "Numerical study of co-firing lignite and agricultural biomass in utility boiler under variable operation conditions." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 181 (2021): 121728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121728
Kobyłecki, Rafał, Robert Zarzycki, Zbigniew Bis, Marcin Panowski, and Mateusz Wiński. "Numerical analysis of the combustion of straw and wood in a stoker boiler with vibrating grate." Energy 222 (2021): 119948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119948
Chen, Meijing, Pengbo Zhao, Lei Zhou, Yujie Hou, Jinming Zhang, Qiang Lyu, and Defu Che. "Investigation on Co-combustion characteristics and NOx emissions of coal and municipal sludge in a tangentially fired boiler." Fuel 340 (2023): 127608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127608
Miao, Miao, Boyu Deng, Hao Kong, Hairui Yang, Junfu Lyu, Xiaoguo Jiang, and Man Zhang. "Effects of volatile matter and oxygen concentration on combustion characteristics of coal in an oxygen-enriched fluidized bed." Energy 220 (2021): 119778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119778
Muhammad, Muhammad, Marwan Marwan, Edi Munawar, and Muhammad Zaki. "Experimental study of CO2 utilization as a density modification agent for maximizing palm shells and kernels separation efficiency." South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 42 (2022): 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.09.006
Ishihara, Sakiko, Juwei Zhang, and Takamasa Ito. "Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry on ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: Effect of ammonia co-firing ratio on NO emissions." Fuel 274 (2020): 117742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117742
Milićević, Aleksandar, Srdjan Belošević, Nenad Crnomarković, Ivan Tomanović, Andrijana Stojanović, Dragan Tucaković, Lei Deng, and Defu Che. "Numerical study of co-firing lignite and agricultural biomass in utility boiler under variable operation conditions." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 181 (2021): 121728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121728
Cai, Junbin, Meirong Dong, Yongsheng Zhang, Yixiang Chen, Youcai Liang, and Jidong Lu. "Temporally and spatially resolved study of laser-induced plasma generated on coals with different volatile matter contents." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 180 (2021): 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106195
Ali, Brosk F., Fakhri H. Ibraheem, Abdulsattar M. Jassim, and Hamed M. Jassim. "The Proximate Analysis method for the Composition Determination of Different Coal Types." In 2020 6th International Engineering Conference “Sustainable Technology and Development"(IEC), pp. 91-96. IEEE, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC49899.2020.9122917
Reddy, Munamala Penchala, Anand Shankar Singh, V. Mahendra Reddy, Ahmed Elwardany, and Hemachandra Reddy. "Computational analysis of influence of particle size, oxygen concertation, and furnace temperature on the ignition characteristics of pulverized high ash and high moisture coal particle." Alexandria Engineering Journal 61, no. 8 (2022): 6169-6180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.047
Lu, Zhimin, Xiaoxuan Chen, Shunchun Yao, Huaiqing Qin, Lifeng Zhang, Xiayang Yao, Ziyu Yu, and Jidong Lu. "Feasibility study of gross calorific value, carbon content, volatile matter content and ash content of solid biomass fuel using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Fuel 258 (2019): 116150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116150
Imran, A. M., S. Widodo, and U. R. Irvan. "Correlation of fixed carbon content and calorific value of South Sulawesi Coal, Indonesia." In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 473, no. 1, p. 012106. IOP Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/473/1/012106
Karacan, C. Özgen, and Ricardo A. Olea. "Mapping of compositional properties of coal using isometric log-ratio transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation–A comparative study for spatial ultimate analyses data." Journal of geochemical exploration 186 (2018): 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.11.022
Kwaghger, A., L. A. Enyejoh, and H. A. Iortyer. "The development of equations for estimating high heating values from proximate and ultimate analysis for some selected indigenous fuel woods." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol 5, no. 3 (2017).
Lei, Ming, Yanchao Zhang, Dikun Hong, and Bin Ye. "Characterization of nitrogen and sulfur migration during pressurized coal pyrolysis and oxy-fuel combustion." Fuel 317 (2022): 123484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123484
Xu, Fang, Mo Chu, Chengliang Hao, Lingmei Zhou, Xingbo Sun, and Zhiyuan Gu. "Volatilization characteristics and relationship of arsenic and sulfur during coal pyrolysis." Fuel 315 (2022): 123223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123223
Pranolo, Sunu Herwi, Joko Waluyo, Firman Asto Putro, Muflih Arisa Adnan, and Md Golam Kibria. "Gasification process of palm kernel shell to fuel gas: pilot-scale experiment and life cycle analysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 48, no. 7 (2023): 2835-2848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.066
Ninduangdee, Pichet, and Vladimir I. Kuprianov. "Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44, no. 6 (2013): 1045-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.011
Ninduangdee, Pichet, and Vladimir I. Kuprianov. "Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44, no. 6 (2013): 1045-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.011
Edmund, C. Okoroigwe, M. Saffron Christopher, and D. Kamdem Pascal. "Characterization of palm kernel shell for materials reinforcement and water treatment." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 5, no. 1 (2014): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5897/JCEMS2014.0172
Barco-Burgos, J., J. Carles-Bruno, U. Eicker, A. L. Saldana-Robles, and V. Alcántar-Camarena. "Hydrogen-rich syngas production from palm kernel shells (PKS) biomass on a downdraft allothermal gasifier using steam as a gasifying agent." Energy Conversion and Management 245 (2021): 114592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114592
Rusinowski, Henryk, Marcin Szega, Andrzej Szlęk, and Ryszard Wilk. "Methods of choosing the optimal parameters for solid fuel combustion in stoker-fired boilers." Energy Conversion and Management 43, no. 9-12 (2002): 1363-1375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00021-3
Misz, Magdalena, and Danuta Smołka-Danielowska. "The cooccurrence of inorganic and carbonaceous matter in fly ash samples from stoker boilers." Fuel processing technology 77 (2002): 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00039-5
Tan, Jian Hong, Toru Yamada, Yutaka Asako, Lit Ken Tan, and Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. "Study of Self Diffusion of Nanoparticle Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 10, no. 1 (2022): 1-7.
Jahan, Sultana, M. Ferdows, M. D. Shamshuddin, and Khairy Zaimi. "Effects of solar radiation and viscous dissipation on mixed convective non-isothermal hybrid nanofluid over moving thin needle." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 3, no. 1 (2021): 1-11.
Utomo, Tony Suryo, Eflita Yohana, Rayhan Halim, Mohammad Farkhan Hekmatyar Dwinanda, Zakaria Rahmanu, and Kwang-Hwan Choi. "Hydrodynamic Analysis Inside a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Based on Time Change Using CFD." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 103, no. 1 (2023): 133-149. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.103.1.133149
Zhang, Xinhui, Mohsen Ghamari, and Albert Ratner. "Numerical modeling of co-firing a light density biomass, oat (Avena sativa) hulls, and chunk coal in fluidized bed boiler." biomass and bioenergy 56 (2013): 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.006
Wanchan, Waritnan, Parinya Khongprom, and Sunun Limtrakul. "Study of wall-to-bed heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed riser based on CFD simulation." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 156 (2020): 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2020.02.021
Aziz, Muhammad, Dwika Budianto, and Takuya Oda. "Computational fluid dynamic analysis of co-firing of palm kernel shell and coal." Energies 9, no. 3 (2016): 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030137
Suranani, Srinath, and Venkat Reddy Goli. "Fuel particle size effect on performance of fluidized bed combustor firing ground nutshells." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 3, no. 2 (2012): 147. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2012.V3.176
