Enhancement and Segmentation of Ziehl Neelson Sputum Slide Images using Contrast Enhancement and Otsu Threshold Technique

Authors

  • Ainul Kamilah Mohd Yusoff Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Rafikha Aliana A Raof Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Norfadila Mahrom Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Siti Suraya Md Noor Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
  • Fazrul Faiz Zakaria Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
  • Phak Len Advanced Computing, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.1.282289

Keywords:

Image enhancement, image segmentation, contrast enhancement, Otsu threshold, Ziehl-Neelson

Abstract

Image processing is the most effective method for enhancement and segmentation of tuberculosis bacilli in sputum smear samples. Improper straining can result in poor screening results such as over-staining, under-staining, and blurred images. The goal is to find an image enhancement and segmentation technique that will prepare the image for feature extraction. There are still some shortcomings with existing method when it is implemented on Ziehl Neelsen images. In normal images, TB bacilli can be identified easily, but in blur and images with dark background, TB bacilli are sometimes hidden behind the sputum cells. Hence, the basic method of contrast enhancement is not enough to improve the contrast of TB bacilli as the object of interest within the image. In this study, the combination of local and partial contrast enhancement is proposed as the best method for image enhancement. Image segmentation can be accomplished using Otsu thresholding technique. Otsu's method is presented as most suitable image processing techniques in this paper. The goal of the Otsu Threshold is to find a threshold value that distinguishes the object of interest from the background. Experiment shows that the combination of local and partial contrast enhancement followed by Otsu’s method achieve an average segmentation accuracy of 98.93% when applied on 50 images of sputum smear.

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Author Biographies

Ainul Kamilah Mohd Yusoff, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

ainulkamilah95@gmail.com

Rafikha Aliana A Raof, Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

rafikha@unimap.edu.my

Norfadila Mahrom, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

norfadila@unimap.edu.my

Siti Suraya Md Noor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

ssuraiya@usm.my

Fazrul Faiz Zakaria, Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

ffaiz@unimap.edu.my

Phak Len, Advanced Computing, Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

phaklen@unimap.edu.my

Published

2023-03-29

Issue

Section

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