MHD Natural Convection in a Fully Opened Parallelogrammic  Enclosure Filled with Copper–Water Nanofluid and Partially  Heated from its Left Sidewall

Ihsan Ali Ghani; Farhan A. Khammas; Ahmed Waheed Mustafa; Ahmed Kadhim Hussein

Authors

Ihsan Ali Ghani College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad City, Iraq
Farhan A. Khammas College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad City, Iraq
Ahmed Waheed Mustafa College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad City, Iraq
Ahmed Kadhim Hussein College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad City, Iraq

Keywords:

MHD, Natural convection, Nanofluid, Partial heating, Parallelogrammic enclosure

Abstract

The present work examined numerically for the first time, the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection flow and heat transfer in a fully opened parallelogrammic enclosure filled with copper –water nanofluid and subjected to a straight magnetic field. Both the upper and lower inclined walls of the enclosure are kept cold, while its right sidewall is considered fully opened to the environment. The left sidewall of the enclosure is heated partially, while the remaining parts of it are considered thermally insulated. The ranges of this study are, Hartmann number (0 £ Ha £ 75), nondimensional heat source location (0.25 £ e £ 0.75), Rayleigh number (104 £ Ra £ 106 ), solid volume fraction (f=0.04), and the inclination angle of the upper and the lower walls (-60° £ l £ 60°). The non-dimensional heat source length is considered fixed at [ = 0.25]. For all Hartmann numbers, It was found that for [Ra =106 ] , the maximum value of the average Nusselt number corresponds to [-30° ? l ? 0°] , [ l = 0°] and [0° ? l ? 30°] when the heat source location equals to [e = 0.25] , [e = 0.5] and [e = 0.75] respectively.