Flow Simulation Study on Bed Bath for Bedridden Patient
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.3.112124Keywords:
Easy Bath, Bedridden patient, Fluid Flow SimulationAbstract
Easy tasks such as showering or bathing independently are impossible for a bedridden individual. This paper presents a comprehensive study on designing an easy shower specifically tailored for bedridden patients. The challenges bedridden individuals face in maintaining personal hygiene are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of a suitable bathing system to enhance their quality of life. The proposed design aims to address these challenges and improve caregiving efficiency. The chosen methodology involves a weighted decision matrix to select the optimal design, followed by flow simulation using SolidWorks Flow Simulation software to evaluate its performance. The paper's objectives include designing an efficient easy shower model, assessing its performance via simulation, and analyzing the impact of various velocity settings on its functionality. Three design concepts were proposed, with Design A selected as the optimal choice due to its lightweight, high water capacity, ease of handling, and low production cost. Modifications were made to enhance its water pressure efficiency. The simulation encompassed different velocity settings, with flow trajectories analyzed within the tank and at the water outlet. These boundary conditions included analysis type (internal), fluids (water), default wall thermal condition (adiabatic wall), pressure (101325 Pa), temperature (293.2 K), and velocity in the Y direction (5 m/s for water inlet and 0.5 m/s for water outlet). In the first simulation, all the results obtained were within the specified velocity range of 0.5 m/s, 2 m/s, and 5 m/s. The analysis of flow trajectories revealed distinct flow patterns and velocities for different velocity values, indicating stable and controlled environments within the tank and efficient water discharge through the outlet in Design A. However, errors were observed in the water outlet simulation due to the presence of vortices, which impacted the results. Recommendations were made to address these challenges, such as modifying the design to eliminate or minimize vortex effects. In conclusion, this study contributes to the well-being of bedridden patients by proposing an improved bathing mechanism, enhancing caregiving efficiency, and offering insights into design optimization and simulation challenges. The proposed design could have a significant positive impact on the lives of bedridden patients and caregivers.
References
Malaysia Population 2020 (Live). (2020). Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/malaysia-population/.
Onkar, A., & Andhare, A. (2010, November 01). (PDF) Design of a bed for bedridden patient :Design Criteria. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258926665_Design_of_a_bed_for_bedridden_patient_Design_Criteria
Bekdemir, Aysun, and Nesrin Ilhan. "Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of bedridden patients." The Journal of Nursing Research 27, no. 3 (2019): e24. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000297
Bezerra, Karolina, José Machado, Vítor Carvalho, Marcelo Castro, Pedro Costa, Demétrio Matos, and Filomena Soares. "Bath-Ambience—A mechatronic system for assisting the caregivers of bedridden people." Sensors 17, no. 5 (2017): 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17051156
Fukuoka, Yumiko, Emi Sasaki, Masako Akiyama, Takuma Satoh, Hisashi Kudo, Reiko Hatakeyama, Masahiko Fujii, and Hidetada Sasaki. "Development of portable shower‐tub for bedridden patients." Geriatrics & gerontology international 11, no. 2 (2011): 236-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00677.x
Backes, Dirce Stein, Carine Alves Gomes, Simone Barbosa Pereira, Noelucy Ferreira Teles, and Marli Terezinha Stein Backes. "Banheira portátil: tecnologia para o banho de leito em pacientes acamados." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70 (2017): 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0178
Downey, Lindsey, and Hilary Lloyd. "Bed bathing patients in hospital." Nursing standard 22, no. 34 (2008): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.04.22.34.35.c6531
Othman, M. N. K., M. Razlan Zuradzman, D. Hazry, Wan Khairunizam, A. B. Shahriman, S. Yaacob, S. Faiz Ahmed, and Abadalsalam T. Hussain. "Internal air flow analysis of a bladeless micro aerial vehicle hemisphere body using computational fluid dynamic." In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1635, no. 1, pp. 182-186. American Institute of Physics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4903581
Suhaimi, Wan Hanif Hazwan Wan, Rosidah Sam, Juliana Johari, and Norlida Buniyamin. "Design and analysis of a gate valve fluid flow using SolidWorks simulation software." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE), pp. 71-76. IEEE, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEESE.2014.7154597
Backes, D. S., Gomes, C. A., Pereira, S. B., Teles, N. F., & Backes, M. T. S. (2017). “Portable bathtub: technology for bed bath in bedridden patients.” Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(2017), 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0178
Bekdemir, Aysun, and Nesrin Ilhan. "Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of bedridden patients." The Journal of Nursing Research 27, no. 3 (2019): e24. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000297
Bezerra, Karolina, José Machado, Vítor Carvalho, Marcelo Castro, Pedro Costa, Demétrio Matos, and Filomena Soares. "Bath-Ambience—A mechatronic system for assisting the caregivers of bedridden people." Sensors 17, no. 5 (2017): 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17051156
Downey, Lindsey, and Hilary Lloyd. "Bed bathing patients in hospital." Nursing standard 22, no. 34 (2008): 35-40. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.04.22.34.35.c6531
Fukuoka, Yumiko, Emi Sasaki, Masako Akiyama, Takuma Satoh, Hisashi Kudo, Reiko Hatakeyama, Masahiko Fujii, and Hidetada Sasaki. "Development of portable shower‐tub for bedridden patients." Geriatrics & gerontology international 11, no. 2 (2011): 236-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00677.x
Othman, M. N. K., M. Razlan Zuradzman, D. Hazry, Wan Khairunizam, A. B. Shahriman, S. Yaacob, S. Faiz Ahmed, and Abadalsalam T. Hussain. "Internal air flow analysis of a bladeless micro aerial vehicle hemisphere body using computational fluid dynamic." In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1635, no. 1, pp. 182-186. American Institute of Physics, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4903581
Suhaimi, Wan Hanif Hazwan Wan, Rosidah Sam, Juliana Johari, and Norlida Buniyamin. "Design and analysis of a gate valve fluid flow using SolidWorks simulation software." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering (ICEESE), pp. 71-76. IEEE, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEESE.2014.7154597
Malaysia Population 2020 (Live). (2020). Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/malaysia-population/
Onkar, A., & Andhare, A. (2010, November 01). (PDF) Design of a bed for bedridden patient :Design Criteria. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258926665_Design_of_a_bed_for_bedridden_patient_Design_Criteria.
Rodriguez, A. (2018, December 10). The Difference Between 5/8-Inch and 3/4-Inch Garden Hose. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://homeguides.sfgate.com/difference-between-5-8inch-3-4inch-garden-hose-47010.html
Boley, A. (2019, March 02). How to Calculate Water Flow Through a Pipe Based on Pressure. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://sciencing.com/calculate-water-flow-through-pipe-based-pressure-2685.html
Conversion Gallon per minute(US) to Cubic meter per second. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.advancedconverter.com/unit-conversions/flow-conversion/gallons-per-minute-to-cubic-meters-per-second
Wong, Ling-tim, Kwok-wai Mui, and Yang Zhou. "Impact evaluation of low flow showerheads for Hong Kong residents." Water 8, no. 7 (2016): 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070305
Okamoto, M.; Sato, M.; Yamazaki, H.; Shodai, Y.; Cheng, C.L.; Sakaue, K. Study on relationship between the subjective shower-feeling and the criteria for low-flow showerhead. In Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium of CIBW062 Water Supply and Drainage for Buildings, Nagano, Japan, 17-20 September 2013; pp. 645-655. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070305
Okamoto, Minami, Ryohei Yaita, Minoru Sato, Masayoshi Kamijo, Kanako Toyosada, Yasutoshi Shimizu, Kyosuke Sakaue, Wan-Ju Liao, Meng-Chieh Lee, and Cheng-Li Cheng. "Comparison of the physical properties of showers that the satisfaction of shower feeling among users in three asian countries." Water 7, no. 8 (2015): 4161-4174. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7084161
Toyosada, K., T. Otani, Y. Shimizu, and A. Yonemaru. "Research on the effect of showerhead characteristics on usage time and hot water volume." In Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium of CIBW062 Water Supply and Drainage for Buildings, Nagano, Japan, pp. 17-20. 2013.
Makki, Anas A., Rodney A. Stewart, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich, and Cara Beal. "Revealing the determinants of shower water end use consumption: enabling better targeted urban water conservation strategies." Journal of Cleaner Production 60 (2013): 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.08.007
Anwar, Rama Putrantyo, Sri Sundari, and Mochamad Syamsiro. "Computational Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow Pressure Gradient of Air-Sodium Chloride and Glucose in Horizontal Capillary Channels." CFD Letters 14, no. 1 (2022): 52-65. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.1.5265
