CFD Analysis of the Flow around Simplified Next-Generation Train Subjected to Crosswinds at Low Yaw Angles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.3.129139Keywords:
Next-generation Train (NGT), Aerodynamic, CFD, Crosswinds, URANSAbstract
The development of Next-Generation Trains (NGT) made of lightweight materials is a challenging task for the transport industry. It reduces axle loads, which saves money by lowering rail track maintenance costs and the amount of energy needed to drive vehicles. However, the increasing speed and decreasing mass of high-speed trains, on the other hand, raises concerns about the effects of strong crosswinds on their aerodynamics and train stability. As a result, the purpose of this research is to investigate the unsteady flow structure around an NGT in crosswind using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique known as Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS). Based on the height of the train model and the velocity, the Reynolds number for the simulation used was . The simulation run in four different crosswind angles: 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. The simulation results were compared with experimental results. The findings revealed that a larger yaw angle, which is primarily determined by the incoming wind velocity, can lead to higher flow separation and a more complex three-dimensional flow around the train. Additionally, when the wind angle is small, separation of flow and wakes is limited to the train's end; however, as the wind angle increases, separation of flow occurs from the train's upper and lower corners, indicating that the vortices formed as a result of the flow passing over the roof top and underbody. Finally, the study's findings will contribute to a better understanding of the flow characteristics around an NGT in crosswinds, which is simply impossible to achieve through full-scale testing due to the cost, resources, and accuracy.
References
Lee, Woo Geun, Jung-Seok Kim, Seung-Ju Sun, and Jae-Yong Lim. "The next generation material for lightweight railway car body structures: Magnesium alloys." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (2018): 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409716646140
Rochard, B. P., and Felix Schmid. "Benefits of lower-mass trains for high speed rail operations." In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport, vol. 157, no. 1, pp. 51-64. Thomas Telford Ltd, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1680/tran.2004.157.1.51
Lei, Y. Lightweight Design of High-speed Train under the Development of New Materials. In Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Vehicle, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (2019): 217–221. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008865102170221
Dillmann, Andreas, Gerd Heller, Ewald Krämer, Claus Wagner, and Christian Breitsamter, eds. New results in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics X: Contributions to the 19th STAB/DGLR Symposium Munich, Germany, 2014. Vol. 132. Springer, 2016.
Gallagher, Martin, Justin Morden, Christopher Baker, David Soper, Andrew Quinn, Hassan Hemida, and Mark Sterling. "Trains in crosswinds–comparison of full-scale on-train measurements, physical model tests and CFD calculations." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 175 (2018): 428-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.03.002
Imai, Toshiaki, Toshishige Fujii, Katsuji Tanemoto, Taisuke Shimamura, Tatsuo Maeda, Hiroaki Ishida, and Yu Hibino. "New train regulation method based on wind direction and velocity of natural wind against strong winds." Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics 90, no. 12-15 (2002): 1601-1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00273-8
Suzuki, Minoru, Katsuji Tanemoto, and Tatsuo Maeda. "Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds." Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics 91, no. 1-2 (2003): 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00346-X
Cui, Tao, Weihua Zhang, and Bangcheng Sun. "Investigation of train safety domain in cross wind in respect of attitude change." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 130 (2014): 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.04.006
Cheng, H., L. J. Zhou, and Y. Z. Zhao. "Very large eddy simulation of swirling flow in the Dellenback abrupt expansion tube." In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 163, no. 1, p. 012084. IOP Publishing, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/163/1/012084
Kamal, Muhammad Nabil Farhan, Izuan Amin Ishak, Nofrizalidris Darlis, Daniel Syafiq Baharol Maji, Safra Liyana Sukiman, Razlin Abd Rashid, and Muhamad Asri Azizul. "A Review of Aerodynamics Influence on Various Car Model Geometry through CFD Techniques." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88, no. 1 (2021): 109-125. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.1.109125
Kin, Natalia, Ralf Deiterding, and Claus Wagner. "Large Eddy Simulations of Side Flow Past a Generic Model of a High-Speed Train." In New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics X, pp. 421-431. Springer, Cham, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27279-5_37
Fragner, Moritz M., and Ralf Deiterding. "Investigating side-wind stability of high speed trains using high resolution large eddy simulations and hybrid models." In European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, pp. 223-241. Springer, Cham, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54490-8_14
Schiffer, Stefanie, and Claus Wagner. "Numerical Investigation of Time-Dependent Cross-Wind Effects on an Idealised Leading Rail Car." (2012). Civil-Comp Proceedings, 98. https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.98.164
Siefkes, T. (2012). Next Generation Train. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://verkehrsforschung.dlr.de/en/projects/ngt-hst
Winter, Joachim. "Novel rail vehicle concepts for a high speed train: the next generation train." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Railway Technology: Research, Development, Maintenance. Civil-Comp Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4203/ccp.98.22
Hashmi, Syeda Anam, Hassan Hemida, and David Soper. "Wind tunnel testing on a train model subjected to crosswinds with different windbreak walls." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 195 (2019): 104013. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.104013
Heckmann, Andreas, Bernhard Kurzeck, Tilman Bünte, and Sigfried Loose. "Considerations on active control of crosswind stability of railway vehicles." Vehicle System Dynamics 52, no. 6 (2014): 759-775. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2014.901539
Dorigatti, F., M. Sterling, C. J. Baker, and A. D. Quinn. "Crosswind effects on the stability of a model passenger train—A comparison of static and moving experiments." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 138 (2015): 36-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jweia.2014.11.009
Menter, F. R., R. Lechner, and A. Matyushenko. "Best practice: generalized k-ω two-equation turbulence model in ANSYS CFD (GEKO)." Technical Report, ANSYS (2019): 27.
Wang, Shuangbu, Ruibin Wang, Yu Xia, Zhenye Sun, Lihua You, and Jianjun Zhang. "Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization of high-speed train heads based on the PDE parametric modeling." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization (2021): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-021-02916-0
Abobaker, Mostafa, Sogair Addeep, Lukmon O. Afolabi, and Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi. "Effect of Mesh Type on Numerical Computation of Aerodynamic Coefficients of NACA 0012 Airfoil." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 87, no. 3 (2021): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.87.3.3139
Ahmad, Nor Elyana, Essam Abo-Serie, and Adrian Gaylard. "Mesh optimization for ground vehicle aerodynamics." CFD Letters 2, no. 1 (2010): 54-65.
Ishak, I. A., M. S. M. Ali, and SAZ Shaikh Salim. "Numerical simulation of flow around a simplified high-speed train model using OpenFOAM." In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 152, no. 1, p. 012047. IOP Publishing, 2016. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/152/1/012047
Sun, Zhenxu, Shuanbao Yao, Lianyi Wei, Yongfang Yao, and Guowei Yang. "Numerical Investigation on the Influence of the Streamlined Structures of the High-Speed Train’s Nose on Aerodynamic Performances." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020784
Yao, Zhiyong, Nan Zhang, Xinzhong Chen, Cheng Zhang, He Xia, and Xiaozhen Li. "The effect of moving train on the aerodynamic performances of train-bridge system with a crosswind." Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 14, no. 1 (2020): 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2019.1704886
Ezoji, Reza, and Mohammad Reza Talaee. "Analysis of Overturn of High-Speed Train with Various Nose Shapes Under Crosswind." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering (2021): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-021-00426-4
Niu, Jiqiang, Xifeng Liang, and Dan Zhou. "Experimental study on the effect of Reynolds number on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with and without yaw angle." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 157 (2016): 36-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.08.007
